Fingernail do's and don'ts (2024)

Fingernails: Do's and don'ts for healthy nails

Are you taking good care of your nails? Here's what you need to know to keep your fingernails in tiptop shape.

By Mayo Clinic Staff

Take a close look at your fingernails. Are they strong and healthy looking? Or do you see ridges, dents, or areas of unusual color or shape? Many less than desirable nail conditions can be avoided through proper fingernail care. Others might indicate an underlying condition that needs attention.

Fingernails: What's normal, what's not

Your fingernails — composed of laminated layers of a protein called keratin — grow from the area at the base of the nail under your cuticle. Healthy fingernails are smooth, without pits or grooves. They're uniform in color and consistency and free of spots or discoloration.

Sometimes fingernails develop harmless vertical ridges that run from the cuticle to the tip of the nail. Vertical ridges tend to become more prominent with age. Fingernails can also develop white lines or spots due to injury, but these eventually grow out with the nail.

Not all nail conditions are normal, however. Consult your doctor or dermatologist if you notice:

  • Changes in nail color, such as discoloration of the entire nail or a dark streak under the nail
  • Changes in nail shape, such as curled nails
  • Thinning or thickening of the nails
  • Separation of the nail from the surrounding skin
  • Bleeding around the nails
  • Swelling or pain around the nails
  • Failure of nails to grow out

Fingernail care: Do's

To keep your fingernails looking their best:

  • Keep fingernails dry and clean. This prevents bacteria from growing under your fingernails. Repeated or prolonged contact with water can contribute to split fingernails. Wear cotton-lined rubber gloves when washing dishes, cleaning or using harsh chemicals.
  • Practice good nail hygiene. Use a sharp manicure scissors or clippers. Trim your nails straight across, then round the tips in a gentle curve.
  • Use moisturizer. When you use hand lotion, rub the lotion into your fingernails and cuticles, too.
  • Apply a protective layer. Applying a nail hardener might help strengthen nails.
  • Ask your doctor about biotin. Some research suggests that the nutritional supplement biotin might help strengthen weak or brittle fingernails.

Fingernail care: Don'ts

To prevent nail damage, don't:

  • Bite your fingernails or pick at your cuticles. These habits can damage the nail bed. Even a minor cut alongside your fingernail can allow bacteria or fungi to enter and cause an infection.
  • Pull off hangnails. You might rip live tissue along with the hangnail. Instead, carefully clip off hangnails.
  • Use harsh nail care products. Limit your use of nail polish remover. When using nail polish remover, opt for an acetone-free formula.
  • Ignore problems. If you have a nail problem that doesn't seem to go away on its own or is associated with other signs and symptoms, consult your doctor or dermatologist for an evaluation.

A note about manicures and pedicures

If you rely on manicures or pedicures for healthy-looking nails, keep a few things in mind. Stick to salons that display a current state license, and work only with technicians also licensed by the state board. Don't have your cuticles removed — they act to seal the skin to the nail plate, so removal can lead to nail infection. Also, make sure your nail technician properly sterilizes all tools used during your procedure to prevent the spread of infection.

You might also ask how the foot baths are cleaned. Ideally, a bleach solution is used between clients and the filters are cleaned regularly.

It's easy to neglect your nails — but taking some basic steps can keep your fingernails healthy and strong.

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Jan. 22, 2022

  1. Nails. American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/media/stats/prevention-and-care/nail-care. Accessed Dec. 29, 2017.
  2. Bolognia JL, et al. Nail disorders. In: Dermatology Essentials. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2014. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 30, 2017.
  3. Habif TP. Nail diseases. In: Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy. 6th ed. St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 29, 2017.
  4. Rieder EA, et al. Cosmetically induced disorders of the nail with update on contemporary nail manicures. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. 2016;9:39.
  5. Brittle splitting nails. American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. http://www.aocd.org/?page=BrittleSplittingNail. Accessed Dec. 29, 2017.
  6. Biotin. Natural Medicines. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. Accessed Dec. 29, 2017.
  7. Gibson LE (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Jan. 8, 2018.

See more In-depth

See also

  1. Fingernails: Possible problems
  2. How to trim thickened toenails
  3. Mayo Clinic Minute: Fingernails are clues to your health
  4. Nail ridges

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Fingernail do's and don'ts (2024)

FAQs

Fingernail do's and don'ts? ›

Avoid long periods of time in water (for example long baths, swimming, washing up etc). Avoid picking or peeling the product off as this could damage your natural nails. Avoid filing your nails and pushing your cuticles back, as this will break the seal of the gel and can lead to chipping.

What are 3 things you should not do to your nails? ›

To prevent nail damage, don't:
  • Bite your fingernails or pick at your cuticles. These habits can damage the nail bed. ...
  • Pull off hangnails. You might rip live tissue along with the hangnail. ...
  • Use harsh nail care products. Limit your use of nail polish remover. ...
  • Ignore problems.

What are the different do's and don'ts of healthy nails? ›

Tips for Healthy Nails: Do's and Don'ts
  • Practice good nail hygiene. Regularly trim your nails and clean them each day to keep your nails healthy.
  • Keep your nails dry. ...
  • Trim your nails straight across. ...
  • Use moisturizer. ...
  • Use nail oil. ...
  • Give your nails a break from nail polish. ...
  • Add protection. ...
  • Wear shoes that properly fit.
Jul 19, 2023

What not to do after getting nails done? ›

Avoid long periods of time in water (for example long baths, swimming, washing up etc). Avoid picking or peeling the product off as this could damage your natural nails. Avoid filing your nails and pushing your cuticles back, as this will break the seal of the gel and can lead to chipping.

How to keep your nails healthy? ›

Tips for healthy nails
  1. Keep nails clean and dry.
  2. Cut nails straight across.
  3. Keep nails shaped and free of snags by filing with an emery board.
  4. Do not bite fingernails or remove the cuticle.
  5. Do not use your nails as a tool, such as opening pop cans.
  6. Trim toenails regularly.

What destroys fingernails? ›

Common causes of fingernail problems include injury, infection and skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis. Causes of toenail problems include trauma, ill-fitting shoes, poor circulation, poor nerve supply and infection.

What damages nails the most? ›

Nail health chart
IssueCommon cause
Brittle nailsFrequent wetting and drying
Soft or weak nailsOverexposure to moisture or chemicals
PeelingInjury or iron deficiency
RidgesAging (vertical) or underlying condition (vertical)
4 more rows
Dec 23, 2021

What is the healthiest thing to put on your nails? ›

A basic manicure, with the right polishes, is the healthiest for your nails. When we say the 'right polishes' we mean the best nail growth polish or breathable nail polish. The harsh chemicals in many polishes often degrade our nails. Using an organic polish that contains vitamins, is the best way to avoid damage.

What do unhealthy nails look like? ›

Healthy nails are strong with pink nailbeds, but problems — such as white spots, ridges, thickening and changes to nail color or texture — are common.

Does drinking water help nail growth? ›

Eating the right foods and drinking lots of water is the most crucial thing you can do to promote consistent nail growth. Make sure you add lots of folate found in spinach, asparagus and avocado, zinc found in oysters, beans and nuts and biotin found in salmon, egg yolks and broccoli into your diet.

How long after nails can I shower? ›

To prevent smudging, it is best to wait one to two hours before hopping in the tub or shower. To help speed drying time, use a fast-drying topcoat or a nail polish dryer.

What are the aftercare advice for nails? ›

Avoid using any harsh soaps or contact with harsh chemicals after your treatment. Preferably try to wear gloves when doing activities such as gardening, washing the dishes, etc to prevent the nail polish from being removed or causing any damage to the nails such as chipping.

Is vaseline good for nails? ›

Cover each nail with a thick coat of something such as Vaseline Original Petroleum Jelly ($2; target.com) or Aquaphor Healing Ointment ($5; target.com). “Applying this occlusive layer seals in the cuticle oil so that it will penetrate deeper and provides a protective barrier to help prevent moisture loss,” explains Dr.

What is a good nail moisturizer? ›

Dr. Lee notes that she also recommends products like Aquaphor or Vaseline to her patients who are concerned about brittle nails. “In my clinical experience, I have had patients self-report improved durability of their nails when they hydrate the nail fold with a moisturizing ointment,” she says.

What am I lacking if my nails are thin? ›

Not having enough biotin may cause weak nails. Taking a biotin supplement daily for at least six months may increase nail thickness. A deficiency in B vitamins, calcium, iron, or fatty acids. If you have any of these deficiencies, try adding a multivitamin to your regimen.

What can you not do with nails? ›

  • Typing on a keyboard. ...
  • You can't be silent while texting or typing. ...
  • Retrieving any type of card from any type of slot. ...
  • Putting on any type of makeup that you'd usually apply with your fingers. ...
  • Flossing. ...
  • Buttoning anything. ...
  • Opening a can of soda. ...
  • Wearing gloves.
Feb 2, 2016

What weakens your nails? ›

Repeated exposure to very hot or very cold temperatures also can be hard on your nails. Frequent contact with chemicals, such as those in many cleaning products, may weaken nails. If your nails are immersed in water for long periods of time, that can make them more prone to splitting.

What are the safest nails to do? ›

Choose soak-off gel nails instead of acrylic nails.

This means your own nails are less likely to crack. You'll want to ask for gel nails that soak off rather than ones that must be filed off.

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